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RedCon1 Athlete – Redcon1 Online Official https://redcon1online.com The Highest State of Readiness Wed, 09 Aug 2017 14:38:39 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.5.2 Breach Ballistic https://redcon1online.com/breach-ballistic/ Wed, 09 Aug 2017 04:41:49 +0000 https://redcon1online.com/?p=4480 I have thoroughly reviewed BCAAs before in my article Amino Acids: the Essentials. Remember, the phenomenal amino acids responsible for faster recovery and growth? If not, that is ok; I will give you a quick refresher. BCAAs are Branched Chain Amino Acids, and there are three to be exact. I am talking about Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine. These aminos aid in protein synthesis, effectively helping the user recover and grow faster. Many fitness fanatics drink them during their workout, and some choose to sip on them throughout the entire day! Redcon1 has created a masterpiece with their BCAA product, Breach. Here is where it gets good; they took it a step further and created a totally separate product for those looking for that extra boost! I give you: Breach Ballistic.

Most of us have hectic schedules. Between work, the gym, and family, life can definitely take its toll on our energy. In this busy world we live in, it’s nice to enjoy a little extra pep-in-our-step. We have coffee and energy drinks, but coffee can get boring, and energy drinks are not exactly the best thing to put in our bodies when we account for the loads of sugar packed into one can. I previously mentioned people sipping on BCAAs throughout the day, and now they have an opportunity to reap the benefits of their anabolic concoction, and get a boost in energy! This can be achieved with Breach Ballistic. This product provides the same great aminos as its counterpart, Breach. Where they differ is in the added caffeine, theobromine, and choline bitartrate found in Breach Ballistic. I get it, you probably know what caffeine is, but did I mention there are two different forms of caffeine in this product? Yes, two. We have Caffeine Anhydrous, which is your typical, fast acting form of caffeine. This is dosed at 50mg, equivalent to about a half of a cup of coffee. The second form is Dicaffeine Malate. Also dosed at 50 mg, this version of caffeine tends to provide a “cleaner” and longer lasting boost of energy. Theobromine works similarly to caffeine. This ingredient increases energy levels and will heighten focus. Choline Bitartrate is phenomenal. While not a stimulant, this molecule will intensify your focus, which will undoubtedly help in day to day activities. It is safe say Ballistic Breach is great tool to stay anabolic and give you boost throughout the day, especially in the gym.

You may be wondering if this product is safe to take during your workout, specifically after drinking a pre-workout. The answer is two-fold. Yes you can, but use caution and asses your tolerance prior to doing so. Lessen the dose of either your pre or Breach Ballistic prior to drinking a full serving of both. There are many products out there that are already pushing the limits when it comes to the level of stimulants they contain, so it would be good practice to proceed carefully when using two products that contain such ingredients. Now, if you choose to drink a stim-free powder prior to working out, you will be absolutely fine drinking Breach Ballistic during your session. As mentioned earlier, the level of caffeine in Breach Ballistic would equate to around a cup of coffee. There is not a whole lot to worry about when it comes to being overly stimulated if you are taking just this product. Some people choose to mix both their pre and BCAAs and drink it all at once! In case you were curious, yes, this product is delicious, and comes in three excellent flavors. With choices like Blue Lemonade, Strawberry Kiwi, and Watermelon, you cannot go wrong. You have now learned about a product that tastes great and has exceptional ingredients. This leads to the all important question: “What’s the price?”

Go ahead and repeat after me: “I’ve been ripped off.” There is no denying we have all made purchases with supplements that we have come to regret. Dropping hard earned cash on supplements that do not work, taste horrible, and sometimes do not even have what is listed on the ingredients label is the worst! Fortunately, you will not have this problem with Breach Ballistic. Currently being sold for $25.00, this, in my book, is a steal. And yes, you do get a FULL 30 servings. A quality product for under $1.00 per serving is hard to come by. As you can see, Breach Ballistic is worth the investment. If this product has your attention, do not forget to save some for the original Breach.

Between Breach and Breach Ballistic, one product is not better than the other. Redcon1 wanted to give their customers variety and convenience. Now, instead of having to drink a cup of joe and a separate BCAA shake, we have the opportunity to take care of business with one simple scoop of Breach Ballistic. On the other hand, some people are very sensitive to stimulants. With a stim-free product like Breach, those people still have the opportunity to enjoy the anabolic benefits of BCAAs. It would be good practice to keep both on-hand for every occasion!

Breach Ballistic is the answer for those of us who find ourselves dragging throughout the day. This is not the go-ahead for you to abandon sleep and start chugging this product. It is imperative that we get an adequate amount of rest. Unfortunately, even getting 6-8 hours of sleep can still leave us tired. This is a result of the day-to-day stress we experience. Whether it comes from school, work, at home, or even physical stress from the gym, it definitely affects us all. That is the nice thing about Breach Ballistic; it can literally benefit everyone. You do not have to be a gym rat to consume amino acids; your body will still utilize them! And of course, that extra energy and focus will help get you through your strenuous day. And fitness junkies, we all love our BCAAs due to their recovery benefits. Now, we have a delicious opportunity to enjoy our aminos and get in the zone, mentally and physically, with Breach Ballistic. Lift on my friends!

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Beta Alanine and Its Use in Bodybuilding https://redcon1online.com/beta-alanine-use-bodybuilding/ Tue, 08 Aug 2017 04:07:15 +0000 https://redcon1online.com/?p=4473 Beta Alanine is a rather popular ingredient used in many pre workout supplements that is responsible for that tingling feeling you get after ingesting it. Theres an absorbent amount of literature on beta alanine (well over 100 studies) that proves that is has its place in bodybuilding. Beta-alanine, the building block of carnosine, helps buffer acid in muscles and increases physical performance in the 60–240-second range. When beta-alanine is ingested, it turns into carnosine, which acts as that acid buffer. Carnosine is stored in cells and released in response to drops in pH. Paresthesia, the tingling feeling, can be caused by bigger dosages of beta alanine but it is simply a harmless side effect that usually disappears with usage. Beta Alanine has been shown to aid in increasing power, endurance, reducing time to fatigue, possible fat loss benefits, as well as potential increases in muscular hypertrophy. The literature is somewhat skewed on its direct fat loss and hypertrophy benefits so we must first understand the basic effects of beta alanine, mainly its ability to directly enhance exercise performance.

Hobson et al conducted a very important bit of literature on beta alanine supplementation and its direct effects on exercise performance in a meta analysis. They stated that “due to the well-defined role of β-alanine as a substrate of carnosine (a major contributor to H+ buffering during high-intensity exercise), β-alanine is fast becoming a popular ergogenic aid to sports performance. There have been several recent qualitative review articles published on the topic, and here we present a preliminary quantitative review of the literature through a meta-analysis. A comprehensive search of the literature was employed to identify all studies suitable for inclusion in the analysis; strict exclusion criteria were also applied. Fifteen published manuscripts were included in the analysis, which reported the results of 57 measures within 23 exercise tests, using 18 supplementation regimes and a total of 360 participants [174, β-alanine supplementation group (BA) and 186, placebo supplementation group (Pla)]. BA improved (P=0.002) the outcome of exercise measures to a greater extent than Pla [median effect size (IQR): BA 0.374 (0.140-0.747), Pla 0.108 (-0.019 to 0.487)]. Some of that effect might be explained by the improvement (P=0.013) in exercise capacity with BA compared to Pla; no improvement was seen for exercise performance (P=0.204). In line with the purported mechanisms for an ergogenic effect of β-alanine supplementation, exercise lasting 60-240 s was improved (P=0.001) in BA compared to Pla, as was exercise of >240 s (P=0.046). In contrast, there was no benefit of β-alanine on exercise lasting <60 s (P=0.312). The median effect of β-alanine supplementation is a 2.85% (-0.37 to 10.49%) improvement in the outcome of an exercise measure, when a median total of 179 g of β-alanine is supplemented” (1.)

Increased power output from muscle carnosine was shown by one of the more popular studies from Baguet et al in rowing performance. Chronic oral β-alanine supplementation is shown to elevate muscle carnosine content and improve anaerobic exercise performance during some laboratory tests, mainly in the untrained. It remains to be determined whether carnosine loading can improve single competition-like events in elite athletes. The aims of the present study were to investigate if performance is related to the muscle carnosine content and if β-alanine supplementation improves performance in highly trained rowers. Eighteen Belgian elite rowers were supplemented for 7 wk with either placebo or β-alanine (5 g/day). Before and following supplementation, muscle carnosine content in soleus and gastrocnemius medialis was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and the performance was evaluated in a 2,000-m ergometer test. At baseline, there was a strong positive correlation between 100-, 500-, 2,000-, and 6,000-m speed and muscle carnosine content. After β-alanine supplementation, the carnosine content increased by 45.3% in soleus and 28.2% in gastrocnemius. Following supplementation, the β-alanine group was 4.3 s faster than the placebo group, whereas before supplementation they were 0.3 s slower (P = 0.07). Muscle carnosine elevation was positively correlated to 2,000-m performance enhancement (P = 0.042 and r = 0.498). It can be concluded that the positive correlation between baseline muscle carnosine levels and rowing performance and the positive correlation between changes in muscle carnosine and performance improvement suggest that muscle carnosine is a new determinant of rowing performance (2.)

The last and maybe the most important aspect is its potential to increase lipolysis as well as muscular hypertrophy. For this, we must look at two studies: the first from Walter et al titled “Six weeks of high-intensity interval training with and without beta-alanine supplementation for improving cardiovascular fitness in women” and the second from Kern et al titled “Effects of β-alanine supplementation on performance and body composition in collegiate wrestlers and football players.” In the first study we find that 6 grams of beta alanine per day  increased lean mass without influencing either fat mass or VO~2~ max (3.) Within the second study, we find that 4 grams of beta alanine per day improved performance as well as overall body composition (4.) Once you dig deeper into both of these studies, we find that the theoretically “fat loss and muscle gaining” effect is most likely due to the athlete’s ability to workout longer and harder utilizing heavier poundages for more overall volume. This is the key point to its use in bodybuilding. We know that it has the ability to increase power output, reduce fatigue, and promote overall endurance, but connecting the dots and finding out that that in and of itself will directly correlate to faster body fat losses as well as faster muscle gain means it is a tremendous aid to any bodybuilder. Research shows standard dosages of anywhere from 2 grams per day to 6 grams per day (divided) but clinically its accepted optimal at 3.2 grams per day to receive its ergogenic benefits. Even further more, carnosine is an antioxidant and potential anti-aging compound, but sadly, the literature on these aspects isn’t as robust as I would like it and therefore, until further studies come on, I cannot comment on that claim. What we do know is beta alanine has its place in not only bodybuilding, but any performance endeavor.

Alex Kikel

MS, PES, CPT, Speed and Explosion Specialist Level II

Owner of www.theprepcoach.com

References

  1. Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis. R. M. Hobson, B. Saunders, G. Ball, R. C. Harris, C. Sale. Amino Acids. 2012 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22270875)
  2. Important role of muscle carnosine in rowing performance. Audrey Baguet, Jan Bourgois, Lander Vanhee, Eric Achten, Wim Derave. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671038)
  3. Six weeks of high-intensity interval training with and without beta-alanine supplementation for improving cardiovascular fitness in women. Ashley A. Walter, Abbie E. Smith, Kristina L. Kendall, Jeffrey R. Stout, Joel T. Cramer. J Strength Cond Res. 2010. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20386120)
  4. Effects of β-alanine supplementation on performance and body composition in collegiate wrestlers and football players. Ben D. Kern, Tracey L. Robinson. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21659893)
  5. Short-duration beta-alanine supplementation increases training volume and reduces subjective feelings of fatigue in college football players. Jay R. Hoffman, Nicholas A. Ratamess, Avery D. Faigenbaum, Ryan Ross, Jie Kang, Jeffrey R. Stout, John A. Wise. Nutr Res. 2008 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19083385)
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Overhand Vs Underhand Barbell Row – Which One Should You Do? https://redcon1online.com/overhand-vs-underhand-barbell-row/ Wed, 12 Jul 2017 20:54:20 +0000 https://redcon1online.com/?p=4192

In this instructional video, Redcon1 Head Trainer Joe Bennett teaches us the differences in using overhand vs. underhand grip on a barbell row. Both variations are useful, but as Joe explains they really need to be treated as two separate exercises. Overhand barbell rows tend to naturally bow a persons elbows out and make for more muscle activation in the upper back, rhomboids, and traps. Underhand rows work more of the lats. The goal for every person is to have the elbows tucked near the body and pulled back. You do not want the elbows to flare out if possible. With a barbell laying on a fixed plane of 180 degrees it makes wrist flexibility an important aspect when choosing which grip variation to use. If you lack wrist flexibility it will lead to the elbows flaring, which can then lead to a greater risk of injury in the elbow and shoulder. Regardless of the grip you use, it is important to lock the hips in place to keep the attention off of the spinal erectors.

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Why You Might Not Be Growing Part 3 https://redcon1online.com/growing-part-3/ Thu, 22 Jun 2017 04:00:07 +0000 https://redcon1online.com/?p=3997 If thats not enough, theres even more literature done on sleep disturbances and their correlation with decreased morning awakening salivary cortisol. “Morning and evening salivary cortisol levels were correlated with sleep parameters in 14 patients with primary insomnia and 15 healthy controls. Salivary cortisol was sampled immediately after awakening (T1), 15 min later (T2), and immediately before going to bed (T3) for 1 week at home. In parallel with this, subjects estimated parameters of sleep in a daily sleep log. Patients and controls were all non-smokers who did not differ regarding morning awakening time or bedtime. Cortisol after awakening was significantly decreased in primary insomnia. Salivary cortisol at the time of awakening correlated negatively with the subjective estimation of sleep quality, i.e. a low salivary cortisol level directly after awakening correlated with a higher frequency of nightly awakenings (r = -0.50), a diminished sleep quality (r = -0.34) and a decreased feeling of recovery after awakening (r = -0.35; all p < 0.05). Furthermore, awakening cortisol was negatively correlated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (r = -0.43) and with a questionnaire on sleep-related cognitions with the subscales rumination in bed (r = -0.56 ) and focusing on sleep-related thoughts (r = -0.46; all p < 0.05)” (5.)

So far, we see sleep deprivation interrupting normal circadian rhythms that interrupt and cause a cascading effect with normal hormone functioning. Now onto one final hormone thats released during sleep that everyone is highly concerned with…growth hormone. Growth hormone has its biggest spike  with is roughly half of our daily growth hormone amount. If this process is interuppted, could this be another big reason why you’re not growing? Plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin, cortisol, and glucose were measured during sleep on 38 nights in eight young adults in a study from Takahashi et al (6.) Blood was drawn from an indwelling catheter at 30-min intervals; EEG and electrooculogram were recorded throughout the night. In seven subjects, a plasma GH peak (13-72 mmug/ml) lasting 1.5-3.5 hr appeared with the onset of deep sleep. Smaller GH peaks (6-14 mmug/ml) occasionally appeared during subsequent deep sleep phases. Peak GH secretion was delayed if the onset of sleep was delayed. Subjects who were awakened for 2-3 hr and allowed to return to sleep exhibited another peak of GH secretion (14-46 mmug/ml). Peak GH secretion was not correlated with changes in plasma glucose, insulin, and cortisol. The effects of 6-CNS-active drugs on sleep-related GH secretion were investigated. Imipramine (50 mg) completely abolished GH peaks in two of four subjects, whereas chlorpromazine (30 mg), phenobarbital (97 mg), diphenylhydantoin (90 mg), chlordiazepoxide (20 mg), and isocarboxazid (30 mg) did not inhibit GH peaks. Altered hypothalamic activity associated with initiation of sleep results in a major peak of growth hormone secretion unrelated to hypoglycemia or changes in cortisol and insulin secretion. Now, although that is disrupted, we know that our bodies are very good at compensating, and it seems overall 24 hour growth hormone levels are compensated for (7.) But the issue is, is this disruption causing a bigger issue? Could this change if it is chronic sleep deprivation? Would our bodies still compensate? I cannot answer that with certainty.

Sleep deprivation is also correlated to possible decline in thyroid hormone output, insulin sensitivity, and overall cognitive output (8, 9, 10.) The literature in this article makes it very clear that sleep deprivation very well COULD be why you’re not growing. So next time you hit a sticking point, remember to assess EVERY variable (looking at sleep first.) Once proper sleep patterns are assessed and corrected, you can move on to the next variable which could be holding back your progress.

References

  1. Acute partial sleep deprivation increases food intake in healthy men. Laurent Brondel, Michael A. Romer, Pauline M. Nougues, Peio Touyarou, Damien Davenne. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20357041)
  2. Effect of 1 Week of Sleep Restriction on Testosterone Levels in Young Healthy Men. Leproult, R., & Van Cauter, E. (2011). (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445839/)
  3. Sleep deprivation reduces circulating androgens in healthy men. V. Cortés-Gallegos, G. Castañeda, R. Alonso, I. Sojo, A. Carranco, C. Cervantes, A. Parra. Arch Androl. 1983 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6405703)
  4. Sleep loss results in an elevation of cortisol levels the next evening. R. Leproult, G. Copinschi, O. Buxton, E. Van Cauter. Sleep. 1997 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9415946)
  5. Sleep disturbances are correlated with decreased morning awakening salivary cortisol. Jutta Backhaus, Klaus Junghanns, Fritz Hohagen. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15219642)
  6. Growth hormone secretion during sleep. Y. Takahashi, D. M. Kipnis, W. H. Daughaday. J Clin Invest. 1968 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5675428)
  7. Effect of sleep deprivation on overall 24 h growth-hormone secretion. G. Brandenberger, C. Gronfier, F. Chapotot, C. Simon, F. Piquard. Lancet. 2000 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052586)
  8. Influence of partial sleep deprivation on energy balance and insulin sensitivity in healthy women. Anja Bosy-Westphal, Silvia Hinrichs, Kamila Jauch-Chara, Britta Hitze, Wiebke Later, Britta Wilms, Uta Settler, Achim Peters, Dieter Kiosz, Manfred James Muller. Obes Facts. 2008 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20054188)
  9. Optimism and self-esteem are related to sleep. Results from a large community-based sample. Sakari Lemola, Katri Räikkönen, Veronica Gomez, Mathias Allemand. Int J Behav Med. 2013 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23055029)
  10. Sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Kristen L. Knutson. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21112022)
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Protein Requirements for Bodybuilders- Part 3 https://redcon1online.com/protein-requirements-3/ Thu, 25 May 2017 04:00:08 +0000 https://redcon1online.com/?p=3737 Have I proven my point yet? Probably not. So we’re going to keep the research coming! All of you reading this are most likely well in touch with the literature coming from the  Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (JISSN.) If you aren’t, then you are missing out. Their position stand on protein and exercise from Campbell et al clears up the air very nicely on this subject matter. They state under the protein intake recommendations section the following: “controversy has existed over the safety and effectiveness of protein intake above that currently recommended. Currently, the RDA for protein in healthy adults is 0.8 g/kg body weight per day. The purpose of this recommendation was to account for individual differences in protein metabolism, variations in the biological value of protein, and nitrogen losses in the urine and feces. Many factors need to be considered when determining an optimal amount of dietary protein for exercising individuals. These factors include protein quality, energy intake, carbohydrate intake, mode and intensity of exercise, and the timing of the protein intake . The current recommended level of protein intake (0.8 g/kg/day) is estimated to be sufficient to meet the need of nearly all (97.5%) healthy men and women age 19 years and older. This amount of protein intake may be appropriate for non-exercising individuals, but it is likely not sufficient to offset the oxidation of protein/amino acids during exercise (approximately 1–5% of the total energy cost of exercise) nor is it sufficient to provide substrate for lean tissue accretion or for the repair of exercise induced muscle damage. Protein recommendations are based upon nitrogen balance assessment and amino acid tracer studies. The nitrogen balance technique involves quantifying the total amount of dietary protein that enters the body and the total amount of the nitrogen that is excreted. Nitrogen balance studies may underestimate the amount of protein required for optimal function because these studies do not directly relate to exercise performance. Also, it is possible that protein intake above those levels deemed necessary by nitrogen balance studies may improve exercise performance by enhancing energy utilization or stimulating increases in fat-free mass in exercising individuals. Indeed, an abundance of research indicates that those individuals who engage in physical activity/exercise require higher levels of protein intake than 0.8 g/kg body weight per day, regardless of the mode of exercise (i.e. endurance, resistance, etc.) or training state (i.e. recreational, moderately or well-trained). Also, there is a genuine risk in consuming insufficient amounts of protein, especially in the context of exercise; a negative nitrogen balance will likely be created, leading to increased catabolism and impaired recovery from exercise.

Relative to endurance exercise, recommended protein intakes range from of 1.0 g/kg to 1.6 g/kg per day depending on the intensity and duration of the endurance exercise, as well as the training status of the individual. For example, an elite endurance athlete requires a greater level of protein intake approaching the higher end the aforementioned range (1.0 to 1.6 g/kg/day). Additionally, as endurance exercise increases in intensity and duration, there is an increased oxidation of branched-chain amino acids, which creates a demand within the body for protein intakes at the upper end of this range. Strength/power exercise is thought to increase protein requirements even more than endurance exercise, particularly during the initial stages of training and/or sharp increases in volume. Recommendations for strength/power exercise typically range from 1.6 to 2.0 g/kg/day, although some research suggests that protein requirements may actually decrease during training due to biological adaptations that improve net protein retention. Little research has been conducted on exercise activities that are intermittent in nature (e.g., soccer, basketball, mixed martial arts, etc.). In a review focusing on soccer players, a protein intake of 1.4–1.7 g/kg was recommended. Protein intakes within this range (1.4 to 1.7 g/kg/day) are recommended for those engaging in other types of intermittent sports. In summary, it is the position of the International Society of Sport Nutrition that exercising individuals ingest protein ranging from 1.4 to 2.0 g/kg/day. Individuals engaging in endurance exercise should ingest levels at the lower end of this range, individuals engaging in intermittent activities should ingest levels in the middle of this range, and those engaging in strength/power exercise should ingest levels at the upper end of this range” (4.)

The literature goes on and on from researchers like Lemon, Tarnopolsky, Rand, Young, etc. Lemon et al even looked at protein requirements and muscle mass/strength changes during intensive training in novice bodybuilders and found that during the early stages of intensive bodybuilding training, PRO needs are approximately 100% greater than current recommendations (5.) As always, I have more literature below for you to read at your leisure to fully understand protein metabolism in regards to bodybuilders in relation to increased nitrogen retention, aminoacidemia, skeletal muscle protein synthesis, TEF, etc. In terms of practical application, we can see anything as low as 1 gram per pound of bodyweight and upwards of 3 grams per pound of bodyweight to be effective. I feel somewhere in between is the happy medium as we do have caloric restrictions and requirements to hit everyday. I would recommend beginning somewhere in the 1.2-2 grams per pound of bodyweight range, assessing the results, and altering as needed. The main point of this article is to get you thinking and questioning “is there a better way?” Now go out, do more research on your own, implement, experiment, and adjust to favor the results you desire.

References

  1. A High Protein Diet Has No Harmful Effects: A One-Year Crossover Study in Resistance-Trained Males. Jose AntonioAnya EllerbroekTobin SilverLeonel VargasArmando TamayoRichard Buehn, and Corey A. Peacock. Exercise and Sport Science Laboratory, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA. 2016. (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnme/2016/9104792/)
  2. The effects of a high protein diet on indices of health and body composition – a crossover trial in resistance-trained men. Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Leonel Vargas and Corey Peacock. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2016 (https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-016-0114-2)
  3. A high protein diet (3.4 g/kg/d) combined with a heavy resistance training program improves body composition in healthy trained men and women – a follow-up investigation. Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Steve Orris, Max Scheiner, Adriana Gonzalez and Corey A Peacock. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2015 (https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-015-0100-0)
  4. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise. Bill Campbell, Richard B Kreider, Tim Ziegenfuss, Paul La Bounty, Mike Roberts, Darren Burke, Jamie Landis, Hector Lopez and Jose Antonio. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2007 (https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-4-8)
  5. Protein requirements and muscle mass/strength changes during intensive training in novice bodybuilders. P. W. Lemon, M. A. Tarnopolsky, J. D. MacDougall, S. A. Atkinson. J Appl Physiol (1985) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1400008)
  6. Protein requirements and muscle mass/strength changes during intensive training in novice bodybuilders. P. W. Lemon, M. A. Tarnopolsky, J. D. MacDougall, S. A. Atkinson. J Appl Physiol (1985) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1400008)
  7. Exercise-induced changes in protein metabolism. K. D. Tipton, R. R. Wolfe. Acta Physiol Scand. 1998 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9578384)
  8. Muscle protein synthesis in response to nutrition and exercise. P. J. Atherton, K. Smith. The Journal of Physiology. 2012 (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.225003/abstract)
  9. Beyond the zone: protein needs of active individuals. P. W. Lemon. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11023001)
  10. Meta-analysis of nitrogen balance studies for estimating protein requirements in healthy adults. William M. Rand, Peter L. Pellett, Vernon R. Young. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12499330)
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Protein Requirements for Bodybuilders- Part 2 https://redcon1online.com/protein-requirements-bodybuilders-part-2/ Wed, 24 May 2017 04:00:47 +0000 https://redcon1online.com/?p=3735 We must once again look to the works from Dr. Antonio (2) on the effects of a high protein diet on indices of health and body composition (a crossover trial in resistance-trained men.) The study was eight weeks of a high protein diet (>3 g/kg/day) coupled with a periodized heavy resistance training program has been shown to positively affect body composition with no deleterious effects on health. Using a randomized, crossover design, resistance-trained male subjects underwent a 16-week intervention (i.e., two 8-week periods) in which they consumed either their normal (i.e., habitual) or a higher protein diet (>3 g/kg/day). Thus, the purpose of this study was to ascertain if significantly increasing protein intake would affect clinical markers of health (i.e., lipids, kidney function, etc.) as well as performance and body composition in young males with extensive resistance training experience. Twelve healthy resistance-trained men volunteered for this study (mean ± SD: age 25.9 ± 3.7 years; height 178.0 ± 8.5 cm; years of resistance training experience 7.6 ± 3.6) with 11 subjects completing most of the assessments. In a randomized crossover trial, subjects were tested at baseline and after two 8-week treatment periods (i.e., habitual [normal] diet and high protein diet) for body composition, measures of health (i.e., blood lipids, comprehensive metabolic panel) and performance. Each subject maintained a food diary for the 16-week treatment period (i.e., 8 weeks on their normal or habitual diet and 8 weeks on a high protein diet). Each subject provided a food diary of two weekdays and one weekend day per week. In addition, subjects kept a diary of their training regimen that was used to calculate total work performed. During the normal and high protein phase of the treatment period, subjects consumed 2.6 ± 0.8 and 3.3 ± 0.8 g/kg/day of dietary protein, respectively. The mean protein intake over the 4-month period was 2.9 ± 0.9 g/kg/day. The high protein group consumed significantly more calories and protein (p < 0.05) than the normal protein group. There were no differences in dietary intake between the groups for any other measure. Moreover, there were no significant changes in body composition or markers of health in either group. There were no side effects (i.e., blood lipids, glucose, renal, kidney function etc.) regarding high protein consumption. In resistance-trained young men who do not significantly alter their training regimen, consuming a high protein diet (2.6 to 3.3 g/kg/day) over a 4-month period has no effect on blood lipids or markers of renal and hepatic function. Nor were there any changes in performance or body composition. This is the first crossover trial using resistance-trained subjects in which the elevation of protein intake to over four times the recommended dietary allowance has shown no harmful effects.

Dr. Jose Antonio’s research continues. This study (3) looked at the consumption of a high protein diet (>4 g/kg/d) in trained men and women who did not alter their exercise program. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine if a high protein diet in conjunction with a periodized heavy resistance training program would affect indices of body composition, performance and health. Forty-eight healthy resistance-trained men and women completed this study (mean ± SD; Normal Protein group [NP n = 17, four female and 13 male]: 24.8 ± 6.9 yr; 174.0 ± 9.5 cm height; 74.7 ± 9.6 kg body weight; 2.4 ± 1.7 yr of training; High Protein group [HP n = 31, seven female and 24 male]: 22.9 ± 3.1 yr; 172.3 ± 7.7 cm; 74.3 ± 12.4 kg; 4.9 ± 4.1 yr of training). Moreover, all subjects participated in a split-routine, periodized heavy resistance-training program. Training and daily diet logs were kept by each subject. Subjects in the NP and HP groups were instructed to consume their baseline (~2 g/kg/d) and >3 g/kg/d of dietary protein, respectively. Subjects in the NP and HP groups consumed 2.3 and 3.4 g/kg/day of dietary protein during the treatment period. The NP group consumed significantly (p < 0.05) more protein during the treatment period compared to their baseline intake. The HP group consumed more (p < 0.05) total energy and protein during the treatment period compared to their baseline intake. Furthermore, the HP group consumed significantly more (p < 0.05) total calories and protein compared to the NP group. There were significant time by group (p ≤ 0.05) changes in body weight (change: +1.3 ± 1.3 kg NP, −0.1 ± 2.5 HP), fat mass (change: −0.3 ± 2.2 kg NP, −1.7 ± 2.3 HP), and % body fat (change: −0.7 ± 2.8 NP, −2.4 ± 2.9 HP). The NP group gained significantly more body weight than the HP group; however, the HP group experienced a greater decrease in fat mass and % body fat. There was a significant time effect for FFM; however, there was a non-significant time by group effect for FFM (change: +1.5 ± 1.8 NP, +1.5 ± 2.2 HP). Furthermore, a significant time effect (p ≤ 0.05) was seen in both groups vis a vis improvements in maximal strength (i.e., 1-RM squat and bench) vertical jump and pull-ups; however, there were no significant time by group effects (p ≥ 0.05) for all exercise performance measures. Additionally, there were no changes in any of the blood parameters (i.e., basic metabolic panel). They concluded by stating “consuming a high protein diet (3.4 g/kg/d) in conjunction with a heavy resistance-training program may confer benefits with regards to body composition. Furthermore, there is no evidence that consuming a high protein diet has any deleterious effects.”

References

  1. A High Protein Diet Has No Harmful Effects: A One-Year Crossover Study in Resistance-Trained Males. Jose AntonioAnya EllerbroekTobin SilverLeonel VargasArmando TamayoRichard Buehn, and Corey A. Peacock. Exercise and Sport Science Laboratory, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA. 2016. (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnme/2016/9104792/)
  2. The effects of a high protein diet on indices of health and body composition – a crossover trial in resistance-trained men. Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Leonel Vargas and Corey Peacock. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2016 (https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-016-0114-2)
  3. A high protein diet (3.4 g/kg/d) combined with a heavy resistance training program improves body composition in healthy trained men and women – a follow-up investigation. Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Steve Orris, Max Scheiner, Adriana Gonzalez and Corey A Peacock. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2015 (https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-015-0100-0)
  4. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise. Bill Campbell, Richard B Kreider, Tim Ziegenfuss, Paul La Bounty, Mike Roberts, Darren Burke, Jamie Landis, Hector Lopez and Jose Antonio. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2007 (https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-4-8)
  5. Protein requirements and muscle mass/strength changes during intensive training in novice bodybuilders. P. W. Lemon, M. A. Tarnopolsky, J. D. MacDougall, S. A. Atkinson. J Appl Physiol (1985) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1400008)
  6. Protein requirements and muscle mass/strength changes during intensive training in novice bodybuilders. P. W. Lemon, M. A. Tarnopolsky, J. D. MacDougall, S. A. Atkinson. J Appl Physiol (1985) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1400008)
  7. Exercise-induced changes in protein metabolism. K. D. Tipton, R. R. Wolfe. Acta Physiol Scand. 1998 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9578384)
  8. Muscle protein synthesis in response to nutrition and exercise. P. J. Atherton, K. Smith. The Journal of Physiology. 2012 (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.225003/abstract)
  9. Beyond the zone: protein needs of active individuals. P. W. Lemon. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11023001)
  10. Meta-analysis of nitrogen balance studies for estimating protein requirements in healthy adults. William M. Rand, Peter L. Pellett, Vernon R. Young. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12499330)
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MRE Taste Test https://redcon1online.com/mre-taste-test/ Wed, 24 May 2017 04:00:20 +0000 https://redcon1online.com/?p=3750

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Redcon1 Paintball! https://redcon1online.com/paintball/ Tue, 23 May 2017 18:45:00 +0000 https://redcon1online.com/?p=3747

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Protein Requirements for Bodybuilders- Part 1 https://redcon1online.com/protein-requirements-1/ Tue, 23 May 2017 16:28:34 +0000 https://redcon1online.com/?p=3732 I was asked by a client recently about protein requirements and felt it was a great topic to touch on! He stated in an email the following “Question for you: something I’ve always wondered. Why has my protein been so high when all the scientists in the industry say there is no benefit to any more than 0.8g/lb of body weight for muscle gain? Obviously what we’re doing is working I’m not questioning it at all, just wondering the reasoning behind it?” I jumped at the chance to answer this question because we hear this ALL THE TIME. The low protein requirements given out by the RDA to the general population, the low protein argument over the fact that we can only synthesize so much protein into actual lean skeletal muscle tissue, and the list goes on and on. But, if you truly look at the research as well as the anecdotal evidence from real world application, you’ll come to find that a higher protein intake will most likely be more optimal and will yield maximal results. I must thank Dante Trudel, Dr. Scott Stevenson, Dr. Antonio, and most recently Milos Sarcev as their teachings have truly molded my mindset on this topic. Before we begin however, we must put to rest the idea of high protein diets being harmful.

Let us first look at a study conducted by Jose Antonio et al entitled “A High Protein Diet Has No Harmful Effects: A One-Year Crossover Study in Resistance-Trained Males.” The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a high protein diet over a one-year period. Fourteen healthy resistance-trained men completed the study (mean ± SD; age  yr; height  cm; and average years of training  yr). In a randomized crossover design, subjects consumed their habitual or normal diet for 2 months and 4 months and alternated that with a higher protein diet (>3 g/kg/d) for 2 months and 4 months. Thus, on average, each subject was on their normal diet for 6 months and a higher protein diet for 6 months. Body composition was assessed via the Bod Pod®. Each subject provided approximately 100–168 daily dietary self-reports. During the subjects’ normal eating phase, they consumed (mean ± SD)  kcals/kg/day and  g/kg/day of protein. This significantly increased () during the high protein phase to  kcals/kg/day and  g/kg/day of protein. Our investigation discovered that, in resistance-trained men that consumed a high protein diet (~2.51–3.32 g/kg/d) for one year, there were no harmful effects on measures of blood lipids as well as liver and kidney function. In addition, despite the total increase in energy intake during the high protein phase, subjects did not experience an increase in fat mass (1.) This is only one of many studies putting that old myth to rest. In general, it is smart to ensure an individual has no history of kidney issues. If those are clear then a high protein diet will most likely only benefit you. Now onto answering our main question of “how much protein do we really need”, keeping in mind we are answering this from a bodybuilder’s/physique athlete’s perspective that is training consistency hard day in and day out, taking their musculature to failure, and truly pushing their limits (along with proper dietary and supplemental adherence.)

References

  1. A High Protein Diet Has No Harmful Effects: A One-Year Crossover Study in Resistance-Trained Males. Jose AntonioAnya EllerbroekTobin SilverLeonel VargasArmando TamayoRichard Buehn, and Corey A. Peacock. Exercise and Sport Science Laboratory, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA. 2016. (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnme/2016/9104792/)
  2. The effects of a high protein diet on indices of health and body composition – a crossover trial in resistance-trained men. Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Leonel Vargas and Corey Peacock. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2016 (https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-016-0114-2)
  3. A high protein diet (3.4 g/kg/d) combined with a heavy resistance training program improves body composition in healthy trained men and women – a follow-up investigation. Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Steve Orris, Max Scheiner, Adriana Gonzalez and Corey A Peacock. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2015 (https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-015-0100-0)
  4. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise. Bill Campbell, Richard B Kreider, Tim Ziegenfuss, Paul La Bounty, Mike Roberts, Darren Burke, Jamie Landis, Hector Lopez and Jose Antonio. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2007 (https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-4-8)
  5. Protein requirements and muscle mass/strength changes during intensive training in novice bodybuilders. P. W. Lemon, M. A. Tarnopolsky, J. D. MacDougall, S. A. Atkinson. J Appl Physiol (1985) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1400008)
  6. Protein requirements and muscle mass/strength changes during intensive training in novice bodybuilders. P. W. Lemon, M. A. Tarnopolsky, J. D. MacDougall, S. A. Atkinson. J Appl Physiol (1985) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1400008)
  7. Exercise-induced changes in protein metabolism. K. D. Tipton, R. R. Wolfe. Acta Physiol Scand. 1998 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9578384)
  8. Muscle protein synthesis in response to nutrition and exercise. P. J. Atherton, K. Smith. The Journal of Physiology. 2012 (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.225003/abstract)
  9. Beyond the zone: protein needs of active individuals. P. W. Lemon. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11023001)
  10. Meta-analysis of nitrogen balance studies for estimating protein requirements in healthy adults. William M. Rand, Peter L. Pellett, Vernon R. Young. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12499330)
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GDAs (ALA, Its Isomers, and the Basics Part 3/3) https://redcon1online.com/basics-part-3/ Sat, 06 May 2017 16:55:49 +0000 https://redcon1online.com/?p=3482 Now that it is well established that ALA has potential glucose management benefits, we can look further into its other potential benefits such as its ability to reduce negative oxidation. McNeilly et al looked at the effect of α-lipoic acid and exercise training on cardiovascular disease risk in obesity with impaired glucose tolerance. The abstract reads as follows “Obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are more susceptible than healthy individuals to oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease. This randomised controlled investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that α-lipoic acid supplementation and exercise training may elicit favourable clinical changes in obese subjects with IGT. All data were collected from 24 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) IGT patients. Following participant randomisation into two groups, fasting venous blood samples were obtained at baseline, and before and following intervention. The first group consisted of 12 participants who completed a 12 week control phase followed by 12 weeks of chronic exercise at 65% HRmax for 30 minutes a day, 5 days per week, while ingesting 1 gram per day of α-lipoic acid for 12 weeks. The second group consisted of 12 participants who completed the same 12 week control phase, but this was followed by 12 weeks of 1 gram per day of α-lipoic acid supplementation only (no exercise). The main findings show a comparatively greater rate of low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in the group consisting of α-lipoic acid only (p < 0.05 vs. pre intervention), although total oxidant status was lower post intervention (p < 0.05 vs. baseline) in this group. However, exercise and α-lipoic acid in combination attenuates LDL oxidation. Furthermore, in the α-lipoic acid supplement plus exercise training group, total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased (p < 0.05 vs. baseline and pre intervention). Body fat percentage and waist and hip circumference decreased following exercise training (p < 0.05 vs. post intervention). There were no selective treatment differences for a range of other clinical outcomes including glycaemic regulation (p > 0.05). These findings report that α-lipoic acid ingestion may increase the atherogenicity of LDL when ingested in isolation of exercise, suggesting that in IGT the use of this antioxidant treatment does not ameliorate metabolic disturbances, but instead may detrimentally contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and development of CVD. However, when α-lipoic acid is combined with exercise, this atherogenic effect is abolished” (8.) If that wasn’t enough Khabbazi et al examined the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and serum lipid profile levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This was a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The present study involved HD centers in Tabriz, Iran. Participants included 63 patients with end-stage renal disease (43 men and 20 women; age range: 22-79 years) undergoing maintenance HD. HD patients were randomly assigned into the supplemented group (n = 31), receiving a daily dose of ALA (600 mg), or a control group (n = 32), receiving placebo for 8 weeks. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of supplementation. At the end of intervention, 11 patients were excluded from the study. HsCRP levels decreased by 18.7% in the supplemented group after 8 weeks of supplementation, and the reduction was significant in comparison with the placebo group (P < .05); this finding was also significant after adjusting for baseline values of hsCRP. The mean malondialdehyde and total antioxidant status levels did not change significantly in the 2 groups during the study. The mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations increased significantly in the supplemented group at the end of the study (P < .05); however, this improvement was not statistically significant as compared with the placebo group. No significant alterations were observed in the other lipid profile parameters within each group during the study. ALA supplementation significantly reduced hsCRP levels, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in HD patients (9.)

  This 3 part series is still just touching the basics on ALA and its isomers’ potential benefits as it also plays a role as a positive anti-oxidant, has potential blood pressure lowering properties, potential enhanced blood flow, reduced inflammation properties, and the list goes on and on. In terms of practical application for the purpose of glucose disposal, we are looking at a stand alone dosage of between 300-600mgs. Many believe that the various isomers (S- and R- isomers) may be better suited for glucose disposal but it seems there is very little difference. We can note that there are higher blood levels seen with the Na-R-ALA isomer version (10.) Overall, ALA has a tremendous amount of benefits that extend beyond simply management of glucose and should be considered as a potential ergogenic and health supplement that should be in everyone’s supplement stack.

   

References

  1. Dietary lipoic acid supplementation can mimic or block the effect of dietary restriction on life span. Brian J. Merry, Austin J. Kirk, Malcolm H. Goyns. Mech Ageing Dev. 2008 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18486188)
  2. Antioxidant and prooxidant activities of alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid. Hadi Moini, Lester Packer, Nils-Erik L. Saris. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12127266)
  3. Alpha-lipoic acid as a dietary supplement: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Shay, K. P., Moreau, R. F., Smith, E. J., Smith, A. R., & Hagen, T. M. (2009) http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.07.026 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756298/)
  4. Glycemic and oxidative status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus following oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Supatra Porasuphatana, Suthi Suddee, Atinuch Nartnampong, Julraht Konsil, Busakorn Harnwong, Adichai Santaweesuk. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22374556)
  5. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on blood glucose, insulin resistance and glutathione peroxidase of type 2 diabetic patients. Hasti Ansar, Zohreh Mazloom, Fatemeh Kazemi, Najmeh Hejazi. Saudi Med J. 2011 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21666939)
  6. Multiple roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in regulation of glucose transport, amino acid transport, and glucose transporters in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Tsakiridis T, McDowell HE, Walker T, Downes CP, Hundal HS, Vranic M, Klip A. 1995. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7664650)
  7. Engagement of the insulin-sensitive pathway in the stimulation of glucose transport by alpha-lipoic acid in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Yaworsky K, Somwar R, Ramlal T, Tritschler HJ, Klip A. 2000. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10768090)
  8. Effect of α-lipoic acid and exercise training on cardiovascular disease risk in obesity with impaired glucose tolerance. Andrea M McNeilly, Gareth W Davison, Marie H Murphy, Nida Nadeem, Tom Trinick, Ellie Duly, Anna Novials, Jane McEneny. Lipids Health Dis. 2011 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22107734)
  9. Effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and serum lipid profile levels in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Tannaz Khabbazi, Reza Mahdavi, Javid Safa, Parvin Pour-Abdollahi. J Ren Nutr. 2012 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21908204)
  10. The metabolism of dl-(1,6-14C)lipoic acid in the rat. E. H. Harrison, D. B. McCormick. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1974 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4598618)
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